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野鳥家禽流行性感冒(AI)監測

家禽流行性感冒(禽流感,AI)簡稱禽流感,是一種禽類重要傳染病,對雞及火雞可能引起傳染及急速死亡,於1878年首次被分離發現並提出病例報告,早期曾將此病名為雞瘟,直到1981年雞瘟這個病名才被改為高病原性家禽流行性感冒(highly致病性禽流感,HPAI),已列入我國甲類傳染病。路線上,每年有成千上萬的水鳥群來台渡冬,這些野鳥在台灣與國際間穿梭,本所自1998年開始每年有系統性地進行監測,希望洪水由野鳥帶毒的,提供農政單位疫情的預警訊息,並進行多個連續數年的監測數據累積分析,了解其流行病學角色及意義。

監測方式

1-1監測地點選定
由野鳥學會選定採樣之樣點分為南、北及金門各1至3個樣點,並防疫風險增加採樣點。
1-1監測地點選定
由野鳥學會選定採樣之樣點分為南、北及金門各1至3個樣點,並防疫風險增加採樣點。
1-2採樣
每群鳥採集20件排出標本,或以繫放方式進行拭子。
1-3時間與對象
於候鳥季進行採樣,主要採樣鳥種為鴨科及鷸鴴科鳥類。
1-4檢驗方法
鳥類排遺樣本以棉棒採集後,輸入管路保存液內,冷藏包裝後寄送到實驗室進行AI病毒分離。以電子顯微鏡法鑑定酸型態、以血球凝集轉錄法鑑定H及N亞型。
1-5監測結果
自1998年至2024年12月止共監測120,978個樣本數,共分離到980株家禽流行性感冒病毒株,病毒分為75種不同亞型。

1998年至2024年野鳥家禽流行性感冒(AI)監測件數

時間

樣品數量

分離株數      (%)

亞型數量

亞型

1998/2-1998/4

906

13

(1.4)

1

H1N3

1998/9-1999/4

2,134

163

(7.6)

10

H1N1, H1N3, H2N3, H3N8, H4N2, H4N6, H4N7, H4N8, H7N1, H10N7

1999/8-2000/7

1,831

36

(2.0)

8

H1N1, H4N6, H6N1, H7N1, H8N4, H10N4, H11N9, H14N7

2000/8-2001/3

1,427

3

(0.2)

1

H7N1

2001/10-2002/5

2,781

9

(0.3)

3

H4N6, H4N8, H10N4

2002/9-2003/6

2,888

8

(0.3)

5

H4N6, H3N8, H6N2, H3N6, H6N1

2003/7-2004/7

3,488

7

(0.2)

2

H10N3, H11N9

2004/8-2005/5

3,611

28

(0.8)

11

H1N1, H2N7, H4N2, H4N6, H4N8, H5N2, H5N6, H6N5, H7N3, H10N8, H11N9

2005/8-2006/7

5,201

44

(0.8)

14

H1N3, H3N8, H3N6, H3N9, H4N3, H4N6, H4N2, H5N2, H6N1, H7N3, H10N4, H10N6, H11N9, H12N2

2006/8-2007/7

4,027

38

(0.9)

9

H1N3, H3N8, H4N6, H4N7, H7N6, H9N6, H9N9, H10N3, H10N7

2007/8-2007/12

1,889

18

(0.9)

6

H1N1, H1N2, H3N8, H4N6, H7N7, H8N4

2008/1-2008/12

4,265

25

(0.6)

11

H2N9, H3N6, H3N8, H4N2, H4N6, H7N3, H7N7, H10N1, H10N7, H10N9, H11N3

2009/1-2009/12

5,834

35

(0.6)

15

H1N1, H3N2, H3N8, H4N5, H4N6, H4N8, H6N2, H6N9, H7N3, H7N5, H7N7, H7N9, H10N3, H10N7, H11N3

2010/1-2010/12

4,849

38

(0.8)

7

H1N1, H2N3, H4N6, H7N2, H10N3, H10N7, H10N9

2011/1-2011/12

3,935

27

(0.7)

8

H3N6, H3N8 H4N6, H5N2, H7N3, H7N6, H7N9, H10N7

2012/1-2012/12

4,428

18

(0.4)

5

H1N1, H1N3, H4N6, H7N1, H10N7

2013/1-2013/12

7,858

21

(0.3)

6

H5N3, H6N1, H7N3, H7N7, H10N7, H12N5

2014/1-2014/12

3,938

14

(0.4)

7

H1N1, H1N3, H3N8, H4N6, H7N5, H7N9, H12N5

2015/1-2015/12

5,216

35

(0.7)

19

H1N1, H3N4, H3N6, H3N8, H4N3, H4N6, H5N3, H6N1, H6N2, H6N5, H7N9, H8N4, H9N2, H9N3, H10N3, H10N6, H10N7, H12N1, H12N5

2016/1-2016/12

4,280

58

(1.36)

24

H1N1,H1N8,H1N9,H2N3,H3N6,H3N8,H4N1,H4N6, H4N7,H5N3,H6N1,H6N3, H7N6, H7N7, H7N8,  H8N5, H10N1, H10N7, H12N5, H14N4, H14N3, H14N5, H14N6, H14N7

2017/1-2017/12

4,718

26

(0.6)

13

H1N1, H1N3, H1N8, H2N3, H4N6, H6N5, H7N7, H8N6, H10N5, H11N2, H12N1, H12N4, H12N5

2018/1-2018/12

5,480

49

(0.9)

16

H2N6, H3N8, H4N1, H4N2, H4N3, H4N6, H5N3, H6N2, H7N1, H7N3, H7N7, H10N2, H10N4, H10N8, H12N9, H14N8

2019/1-2019/12

7,072

54

(0.8)

15

H1N1, H2N3, H3N2, H3N3, H3N8, H4N1, H4N2, H4N3, H4N6, H5N3, H6N1, H6N2, H7N7, H12N1, H12N5

2020/1-2020/12

6632

28

(0.4)

15

H1N1, H1N6, H3N8, H4N6, H5N3, HPAI H5N8, H6N2, H7N1, H7N7, H8N5, H10N1, H10N2, H10N4, H10N7, H12N5

2021/1-2021/12

6257

53

(0.8)

18

H1N1, H3N2, H3N6, H3N8, H4N6, HPAI H5N1, H6N2, H6N5, H7N7, H7N9, H10N1, H10N3, H10N9, H11N2, H11N9, H14N6, H14N7, H14N8

2022/1-2022/12

6047

42

(0.7)

19

H1N1, H1N8, H2N3, H3N3, H3N8, H4N6, H5N1, H5N2, H6N1, H6N2, H6N8, H7N2, H7N3, H7N7, H8N3, H8N4, H9N8, H10N7, H12N5

2023/1-2023/12

4739

58

(1.2)

13

H4N2, H4N6, H4N8, H5N1, H6N1, H7N3, H7N7, H8N4, H10N4, H10N7, H11N2, H11N9, H12N5

2024/1-2024/12

5247

32

(0.6)

13

H1N1, H3N1, H3N8, H4N6, HPAI H5N1, H7N1, H7N3, H7N6, H7N7, H7N9, H9N2, H10N6, H10N7

總計

120,978

980

(0.8)

75

H1N1, H1N2, H1N3, H1N6, H1N8, H1N9, H2N3, H2N6, H2N7, H2N9, H3N1, H3N2, H3N3, H3N4, H3N6, H3N7, H3N8, H3N9, H4N1, H4N2, H4N3, H4N5, H4N6, H4N7, H4N8, HPAI H5N1, H5N2, H5N3, H5N6, HPAI H5N8, H6N1, H6N2, H6N3, H6N5, H6N8, H6N9, H7N1, H7N2, H7N3, H7N5, H7N6, H7N7, H7N8, H7N9, H8N3, H8N4, H8N5, H8N6, H9N2, H9N3, H9N6, H9N8, H9N9, H10N1, H10N2, H10N3, H10N4, H10N5, H10N6, H10N7, H10N8, H10N9, H11N2, H11N3, H11N9, H12N1, H12N2, H12N4, H12N5, H14N3, H14N4, H14N5, H14N6, H14N7, H14N8